What are the functions of each subsystem of tunnel electromechanical equipment?
time：2025-09-12
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Tunnel electromechanical equipment is a key infrastructure to ensure the safe and efficient operation of tunnels, covering multiple fields such as tunnel environment monitoring, traffic diversion, emergency rescue, and equipment control. The following provides a detailed introduction to its core functions from different system dimensions:
1、 Ventilation system
Function:
Air circulation and purification: By using jet fans, axial fans and other equipment, the exhaust gases (such as CO, NOx), dust and odors of motor vehicles in the tunnel are discharged, and fresh air is introduced to ensure that the air quality in the tunnel meets hygiene standards (such as CO concentration ≤ 25ppm).
Dealing with special scenarios:
Fire condition: Activate the fire mode, force smoke exhaust, control the direction of smoke diffusion, and create conditions for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.
Traffic congestion: Automatically adjust ventilation frequency based on traffic flow to prevent pollutant accumulation.
Energy saving control: Combining sensor data such as wind speed and pollutant concentration to automatically start and stop the fan, reducing energy consumption.
2、 Lighting system
Function:
Basic lighting: Provide continuous and uniform lighting to meet the visual needs of drivers at different times (day/night) and speeds (such as entrance brightness ≥ 80cd/m ², middle brightness ≥ 5cd/m ²).
Emergency lighting:
Automatically switch to backup power sources (such as UPS, batteries) in case of power outage or accident, ensuring that evacuation routes are visible.
Configure evacuation indicator lights to guide personnel to evacuate to safety exits.
Intelligent adjustment: dynamically adjust the brightness of the light through a light sensing probe (such as enhancing lighting on cloudy days and reducing brightness at night), balancing energy efficiency and safety.
3、 Monitoring and Communication System
1. Monitoring system
Real time monitoring:
Using cameras, radar, laser detectors, and other equipment to collect traffic data such as traffic flow, speed, and congestion status, and generate real-time traffic condition reports.
Monitor the safety of tunnel structures (such as crack displacement, water leakage), equipment operating status (such as fan temperature, water pump pressure), and warn of equipment failures or structural abnormalities.
Information Delivery:
Real time traffic alerts (such as "No lane changes due to accidents ahead") and weather warnings (such as "Ice formation in tunnels, drive with caution") are issued through variable message boards (VMS), speed limit signs, etc.
Link navigation platform to guide vehicles around congested tunnels.
2. Communication system
Voice communication: Provide wired/wireless intercom systems (such as IP phones and cluster communication) within the tunnel to facilitate collaborative operations among traffic police, firefighters, and maintenance personnel.
Data transmission: Build a fiber optic network to transmit monitoring videos and equipment status data to the tunnel management center, supporting remote centralized control.
Emergency call: Set up an emergency phone button inside the tunnel for drivers and passengers to call for rescue with just one click, and synchronize location information to the command center.
4、 Fire and Rescue System
1. Fire detection and alarm
Early warning: Real time monitoring of abnormal heat sources through smoke/temperature detectors and fiber optic temperature measurement systems, triggering sound and light alarms (such as automatic alarms when the temperature inside the tunnel is ≥ 60 ℃).
Positioning and linkage: When an alarm is triggered, the fire location will be automatically locked, and the linkage ventilation system will switch to smoke exhaust mode. The adjacent fire compartment rolling shutter doors will be closed to block the spread of fire.
2. Fire extinguishing facilities
Automatic sprinkler system: Install sprinkler heads at the top of the tunnel to automatically spray water and cool down in case of a fire, controlling the spread of the fire.
Fire hydrants and fire extinguishers: Fire hydrant boxes (including water guns and hoses) are installed every 50 meters along the tunnel sidewall, and dry powder/CO ₂ fire extinguishers are provided for initial fire extinguishing.
3. Emergency rescue
Evacuation guidance: Real time command of personnel through the public address system (PA) to evacuate along evacuation routes (such as pedestrian crossings and vehicular crossings) to a safe area.
Fire linkage: Connected with the urban fire command center, automatically transmitting information such as fire location and tunnel structure drawings to shorten rescue response time.
5、 Power supply and distribution and power monitoring system
Function:
Stable power supply:
Adopting dual circuit power supply (mains power+backup generator) to ensure uninterrupted operation of ventilation, lighting, fire protection and other equipment.
Configure power transformers and distribution cabinets to convert high voltage electricity into low voltage power for equipment use (such as 380V/220V).
Energy consumption management: Real time monitoring of the electricity consumption of various devices through the power monitoring system (SCADA), analysis of load curves, optimization of power supply plans, and reduction of line losses.
Lightning protection and grounding: Install lightning protection devices and grounding systems to prevent lightning damage to equipment and ensure personnel safety.
6、 Transportation facilities and safety systems
Function:
Traffic order management:
Install lane indicators (such as green arrows/red forked lights) to control lane traffic status (such as closing a lane in case of an accident).
Set up speed bumps, reflective markings, contour markers, etc. to guide vehicles to drive safely and reduce collision accidents.
Priority for special vehicles: Install emergency access indicator lights for fire trucks, ambulances, etc. to support fast passage.
Accident prevention: Install linear guidance signs and radar speed screens on dangerous sections such as bends and steep slopes to warn drivers to control their speed.
7、 Environmental and Equipment Control System
Function:
Data collection and analysis: Real time collection of tunnel environmental parameters through temperature and humidity, CO/VI (visibility) sensors, and generation of trend reports (such as daily pollutant concentration change curves).
Automated control: Based on preset logic or AI algorithms, automatically adjust the operation of ventilation, lighting, drainage and other equipment (such as automatically starting the fan when the CO concentration exceeds the standard).
Remote operation and maintenance: Management personnel can remotely view equipment status and issue control instructions through the management platform, achieving "few people on duty, centralized management" and reducing manual inspection costs.
The tunnel electromechanical equipment has built an integrated intelligent management system of "monitoring control emergency service" through multi system collaborative work, and its core value lies in:
Ensuring safety: preventing accidents, shortening emergency response time, reducing casualties and property damage.
Improve efficiency: Through automated control and data-driven approaches, optimize resource allocation and reduce manual intervention.
Improve experience: Provide a comfortable driving environment (such as appropriate temperature and humidity, sufficient lighting) to enhance the sense of safety for drivers and passengers.
With the application of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, and AI, tunnel electromechanical equipment will be upgraded towards intelligence, low carbonization, and proactive warning in the future, further enhancing the safety and sustainability of tunnel operations.
